If our heart and lungs stopped just in one minute, we can still alive and survive. But, if the brain is stopped working just in one second, the whole body will die. That is why our brain is the most important organ in our body.
Beside the most important organ in our body, the brain also the most complex organ. Talking about the anatomy of brain in detail will take many hours. In this article we will talk about anatomy and physiology of our brain in brief only.
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| Brain Picture |
Based on the picture the brain can be divided into four parts
- Cerebrum
- Cerebellum
- Brainstem
- Limbic System
In detail, we will know the brain parts one by one.
Cerebrum
Cerebrum is the largest brain part called cerebral cortex. Cerebrum is a brain part that distinguish between human and animal. Cerebrum makes us think, analysis, logic, language, consciousness, planning, memory and visual ability. Intelligent quotient or IQ is determined this brain part (cerebrum)
Cerebrum is divided into four part called lobes. In lobes part, there is gyrus and sulcus. The four part of cerebrum are frontal lobe, parietal lobe, occipital lobe, and temporal lobe.
Frontal lobe is front lobe. This lobe has a relation with reason making, movement, cognition, planning, problem solving, creativity, emotion control, sexual behavior control, and language.
Parietal lobe is in the middle part of cerebrum, it connected with sensory process such as like pressure and pain.
Temporal lobe is in side part of cerebrum, it has responsibility in hearing, association function in understanding language.
Occipital lobe is the back part of cerebrum, it connected with visual stimulus that make human interpret an object that is seen by retina.
Beside four lobes in cerebrum, it can be divided into two portions, those are right and left brain. Those portion are connected by corpus calosom. Generally, right brain control the left body part, and left brain control the right body part. Right brain involved in creativity and artistic ability, and left brain for logic and rational thinking.
Cerebellum
Cerebellum located behind the brain part. Cerebellum control many automatic brain function, regulate the body position, balance, muscle coordination, and body movement. Cerebellum store and do some automatic movement such as like driving a motorcycle, writing, locking the door, etc.
If the cerebellum is injured, it will make disturbance in muscle coordination, so the movement is not in coordination, for instance a patient with cerebellum damage can not put food into his or her mouth.
Brainstem
Brainstem is inside the skull or skull cavity, it is located along vertebra or back bone. This brain part controls basic human function such as breathing, pulse, temperature and digestive control. This brain-stem is human instinct (fight or flight responds) while the dangers are coming.
Animal like crocodile or lizard only has this brain. That is why brainstem also called reptilian brain. Reptilian brain regulate “territorial feeling” as primitive instinct. For instance, we will feel uncomfortable when a stranger too close with us.
Brain-stem has three parts.
Mesencephalon
Mesencephalon or mid brain is the highest part of brain-stem that connect cerebellum and cerebrum. Mid brain has function in sight respond, eye movement, pupils, body movement, and hearing.
Medulla Oblongata
Medulla oblongata is back bone nerves from right body part to left body part and otherwise. Medulla control the automatic function of the brain such as heart, blood circulation, breathing and digestive systems.
Pons
Pons is like a station that send the data to brain with reticular formation. Pons determine whether sleep or awake. In other resource claimed that mid brain has a connection with supernatural ability such as seeing with eye closed. This claim can not be proved because there is no evidence on it.
Lymbic system
Limbic system located in middle part of mid brain. Limbic word is from Latin means collar. This brain part is also in mammal brain, so this part of brain called mammal brain. The limbic system components are hypothalamus, thalamus, amygdala, hypo campus, and limbic cortex. Limbic system has a function in feeling, hormone production, homeostatic balance regulation, thirsty and hungry feeling, sex desire, peace center, metabolism, and long term memories.
The most important part in limbic system is hypothalamus and its function is to determine whether thing is important or not. For instance, we will pay more attention toward our children than a stranger’s children. Another example is when we hate someone, we will easy to remember him or her. Then why we do so? It is because we have an emotional relation with those people.
Limbic system stores so many information that can not be absorbed by sense. Limbic system knew as emotion brain or love and honest brain. Carl Gustav Jung said that “collective unconsciousness”, it shows in behaviors such as helping others, honesty, etc. Limbic system is a love, honest, and value center.
Right and left brain
The differences in right and left brain will show a characteristic in different people. The theory that talked about left and right brain is very popular in 1960, this theory is from Roger Sperry.
Cerebrum is the largest part of the brain, it processes all of intellectual process, such as thinking, analysis, memorizing, imagining, and future planning.
The cerebrum is divided into two parts, right and left part of cerebrum. It is usually called right brain and left brain. Those brain’s part has different functions. Left brain responsible in logic things, ratio, writing skill, reading skill, and math center. Some experts said that left brain is the intelligence center or intelligence quotient center (IQ)
Right brain has a function in emotional quotient (EQ). For an example of socialization, communication, human interaction, and emotion control. In right brain, there is intuitive ability, feeling, combining, body expressions, singing, dancing, painting, and other creative things.
Which is the best brain part? Both are the best because every brain part has its function in human life. But, some researches said that the dominance of people in this world use only left brain. This is because of formal education (schools and universities) only left brain sharpened or rarely use the right brain.
People with left brain dominant is good in analysis and logistic thinking, but they are hard in social relation, they tend to have a right ear, foot, and hand that is sharper or trained well than the left side. Otherwise, people with right brain dominant are good in social relation, but they are sometimes hard to learn technical lessons.
There are many ways to know whether those people dominant in right brain or left brain. For the example we can see the activity daily life of those people, how to dress, how to answer the questioner that is designed for assessing brain dominance, electroencephalograph which assess active brain.
There must be a people around us that is good in science, but they hard in social, we usually called it a nerd. Otherwise, we may know people that is good in communication, but they are bad in academics. This condition is because of imbalance of brain dominance. Ideally, right brain and left brain must be balance and work in synergy, and both of them will work optimal. People with right and left brain dominant will have a good social interaction and smart in academic.
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